Q.1 Define air pollution air pollution and also classify the air pollutants according to their origin.  


Air pollution can be define as the presence of one or more air contaminants ( i.e. dust, fumes, gas, mist, smoke, vapour ) in the outdoor atmosphere in sufficient quantity of such characteristic and set duration that becomes injurious to human plant or animal life or property and also interference with comfortable enjoyment of life or property. 

Air pollutants :  are substance in air that could at high concentration harm humans beings animals vegetation or material.  

FOR EXAMPLE : carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxide, ground level ozone, particle pollution and Sulphur dioxide. 

classify the air pollutants according to their origin.

(B) Give classification of air pollutants according to state of matter with appreciate example. 

(c) Explain in detail the effects of carbon monoxide on human health in detail. 

Carbon monoxide (CO) : carbon monoxide is among the most toxic compound produce by combustion and is part of the composition of smoke it produced by the combustion almost all flammable materials. 

Effects of carbon monoxide on Human : 

Carbon monoxide harmful because of its band to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing the ability of blood to carry oxygen.

The most common effect of carbon monoxide exploser are fatigue, headache, confusion and dizziness due to oxygen delivered to the brain. 

Cartoon monoxide is colourless and order less.

The WHO define a long term explosion limit of 20PAM. The US define a long term exploser limit of 35 PAM. 

In typically home you should not experience carbon monoxide level 10 PPM. 

Carbon monoxide can also combine with proteins in body and damage cells and organs.

Symptoms of cartoon monoxide on body is ; 
  • Mild headache 
  • shortness of breath 
  • chest pain 
  • weakness
  • Losses of muscle
  • mental confusion 
  • upset stomach 
  • vomiting  

Q.2 


(A). Enlist different types of fuels used in vehicle also unlist air pollutants emitted by each type of fuel. 

Different types of fuel used in vehicles : 

1. Petrol : petrol as gasoline is one of the most common fuel type of vehicle. 

2. Diesel : Despite the current scenario diesel consumption recover within a 27% rise. 

3. Compressed natural gas (CNG) : CNG aur compressed national gas compress Methan less than 1% by volume the primary objective this fuel to reduce the pollution.

4. Biodiesel : The mixture of diesel with other oils produced biodiesel. 

It is the best alternative of biofuel.

5. Liquid Petroleum gas (LPG) :  It is obtained by accrued oil and natural gas. 

Used in light duty biofuel vehicles. 

6. Ethanol or Methanol : It is alcohol with high octane number. Used in racing cars. 

7. Electricity : fuel means it's produce the heat or power. 

In today most of the vehicles electrical so electricity are also part of the fuels. 

Fuels
 Air pollutants 
Petrol  CO, NOx, PM, Unburn Hydrocarbon 
Diesel  volatile organic compounds and NOx. 
CNG CH4 as slip and CO & HCHO gas.  
Bio-diesel  PM, CO, HC
Ethanol  Ground Level Ozone 
Electricity  Green House Gases 

(B) A sample of analyse at 0°c and 1 ATM pressure is reported to content 9 PPM of carbon monoxide (CO) determine the equivalent carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in microorganism per cubic metre and milligram per cubic metre. 

Explanation : The Equivalent concentration in milligram per cubic metre is 11.25 mg/m. 

1PPM : 1.250 mg/m. 

So, 9PPM = 9 * 1.250 = 11.25 mg/m. 

So the correct answer is 11.25 milligram per metre are analysed 80 degree Celsius and 1 ATM pressure is reported to contain 9 PPM of carbon monoxide the equivalent carbon monoxide concentration milligram per metre is 11.25 mg/m. 

(C) write a detail note on "procedure for stake gas sampling"

Stake sampling also sampling may be defined as the method of collecting representative sample of pollutant at the place of audition of pollutants to determine the total amount of pollutant ameted into the atmosphere from a given source in a given time.

Source sampling is usually carried out in a process to determine the emission rate or characteristic of pollutants.

Planing : the success of state sampling depends on proper initial planning the planning include following.

  1. Method of sampling.
  2. Method of analysis sample.
  3. Sampling time because certain Industries undergo cyclic change. 
  4. Amount of sample Required. 
  5. Sample Frequency. 

It is highly important that the sample collected most of truely represent the condition prevent inside the stack. 

1. Accurate measurement of pressure, moisture, humidity and gas composition. 

2. The selection of suitable location for sampling. 

3. Determine the point required for velocity and temperature profile across the cross section of stick and sampling for particular matter. 

4. Measurement of this rate of flow of gas or air through the stack. 

5. Selection of a suitable sampling train. 

6. Accurate isocratic sampling rate is especially for particulate sampling. 

7. Accurate measurement of weight and volume of sample collected.  

 (C) state the use of high volume sampling and explain its working. 

High volume at sampler are the basic instrument used in monitoring of ambient air quality. 

It's work on stocks low for collection of particulate. 

Q. 3

(A) Give the difference between the sampling procedure for stack gas and ambient air.