IWPC : Chapter - 2 sem - 7

Subject :  INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER POLLUTION AND CONTROL

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Chapter : 2

Standards for disposal into different Sinks: 

Introduction: Standards for Disposal into Different Sinks

Introduction: 

The safe and responsible disposal of wastewater is of paramount importance to protect the environment and ensure public health. In the subject of industrial wastewater pollution and control, the chapter "Standards for Disposal into Different Sinks" delves into the regulations and guidelines governing the proper disposal of wastewater into various sink systems. This introduction provides an overview of the chapter, highlighting the significance of these standards, the types of sinks involved, and the importance of adherence to the prescribed guidelines.

In industrial settings, sinks are commonly used for the disposal of wastewater generated from different processes. These sinks can include floor drains, washbasins, utility sinks, and other drainage systems. However, it is essential to ensure that the wastewater discharged into these sinks meets specific standards to prevent environmental contamination and potential risks to human health.

The chapter "Standards for Disposal into Different Sinks" explores the guidelines and standards established for wastewater disposal into different sink systems. It delves into the parameters, limits, and treatment requirements that must be met to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and protect water resources.

The chapter covers various types of sinks, each with its specific requirements for wastewater disposal. This includes sinks connected to municipal sewer systems, septic tanks, or on-site treatment systems. The standards take into account factors such as pH levels, temperature, chemical composition, suspended solids, and other relevant parameters to ensure the safe and appropriate disposal of wastewater into these sinks.

Adhering to the standards for disposal into different sinks is essential for industries to prevent pollution, maintain regulatory compliance, and uphold their environmental responsibilities. By following the prescribed guidelines, industries can mitigate the potential adverse impacts of wastewater discharges, safeguarding water resources and maintaining the overall ecological balance.

It is important for industrial facilities to understand and implement the standards for disposal into different sinks relevant to their operations. Compliance with these standards requires proper wastewater treatment, regular monitoring, and record-keeping to demonstrate adherence to the prescribed guidelines. Additionally, industries should stay updated with any amendments or updates to the standards to ensure continued compliance and effective pollution control.

The chapter "Standards for Disposal into Different Sinks" provides valuable insights into the regulatory framework and guidelines governing wastewater disposal into various sink systems. It equips readers with the knowledge and understanding necessary to ensure responsible and compliant wastewater management practices, protecting both the environment and public health.

Difference between criteria & standards :

Sure, here is a table that summarizes the difference between criteria and standards:

Criteria	Standards
Plural	Singular
Used to describe a set of	A specific requirement or
factors or conditions that	condition that must be met
are used to evaluate something	in order to achieve a desired
against a set of expectations	outcome
Can be qualitative or quantitative	Must be quantitative
More general	More specific
Can be used to set standards	Are often based on criteria

Here are some examples of criteria and standards:

• Criteria:
  • The patient's pain should be assessed on a scale of 1 to 10.
  • The patient should be able to walk 100 meters without assistance.
• Standards:
  • The pain score should be below 4.
  • The patient should be able to walk 100 meters in less than 10 minutes.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.

Stream standards :

Stream standards are limits on the amounts of specific pollutants allowed in streams, rivers, and lakes. They are designed to prevent the deterioration of existing water quality and to protect and preserve each stream for its best usage. The limits depend on a classification of the “maximum beneficial use” of the water.

There are two main types of stream standards:

• Effluent standards set limits on the amount of pollutants that can be discharged from a point source, such as a sewage treatment plant or industrial facility.
• Water quality standards set limits on the quality of water in a stream, river, or lake. These standards are based on the desired uses of the water, such as drinking water, fishing, swimming, or recreation.

Stream standards are typically set by government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States. These agencies use a variety of factors to set stream standards, including the type of pollutants present in the water, the desired uses of the water, and the assimilative capacity of the stream.

The assimilative capacity of a stream is the amount of pollution that the stream can naturally absorb without degrading its quality. This capacity depends on a variety of factors, such as the size of the stream, the velocity of the water, and the type of bottom sediment.

Stream standards are an important tool for protecting water quality and ensuring that streams are healthy and can be used for a variety of purposes. They help to prevent pollution from point sources and to maintain the quality of water in streams.

Here are some examples of stream standards:

• The maximum concentration of dissolved oxygen in a stream for drinking water purposes is 8 mg/L.
• The maximum concentration of fecal coliforms in a stream for swimming purposes is 200/100 mL.
• The maximum concentration of suspended solids in a stream for fishing purposes is 100 mg/L.

Stream standards are important for protecting human health, the environment, and the economy. They help to ensure that streams are clean and safe for drinking, swimming, fishing, and other activities.

Effluent Standards : 

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is responsible for setting effluent standards for industrial and municipal wastewater discharges. The CPCB has published a number of different sets of effluent standards, including:

• General Effluent Standards: These standards apply to all industries, regardless of the type of industry.
• Industry-Specific Effluent Standards: These standards are more stringent than the general effluent standards and apply to specific industries, such as the textile industry, the leather industry, and the chemical industry.
• Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) Standards: These standards apply to CETPs, which are facilities that treat wastewater from multiple industries.

The effluent standards for India are set in terms of the concentration of pollutants in the wastewater. The pollutants that are regulated include suspended solids, dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and other pollutants.

The effluent standards for India are periodically reviewed and updated. The most recent update was in 2019.

Here are some of the key effluent standards for India: 

• Suspended solids: 100 mg/l for general effluents and 200 mg/l for CETPs.
• Dissolved solids: 2100 mg/l for general effluents and 2100 mg/l for CETPs.
• BOD: 250 mg/l for general effluents and 150 mg/l for CETPs.
• COD: 600 mg/l for general effluents and 450 mg/l for CETPs.
• Heavy metals: The maximum permissible limits for heavy metals vary depending on the type of metal.

The effluent standards for India are designed to protect the environment and human health. By ensuring that industrial and municipal wastewater discharges meet these standards, the CPCB is helping to prevent pollution of rivers, lakes, and other water bodies.

Here are some of the benefits of meeting effluent standards:

• Protects the environment and human health.
• Improves the quality of water bodies.
• Promotes sustainable development.
• Saves money on water treatment costs.

If you are an industry or municipality in India, it is important to ensure that your wastewater discharges meet the effluent standards. You can find more information about the effluent standards for India on the CPCB website.

Relevant Indian standards for disposal in to different sinks :

Sure, here are some of the relevant Indian standards for disposal into different sinks:

• Kitchen sink: The following items can be disposed of in the kitchen sink:
  • Food scraps: Food scraps can be disposed of in the kitchen sink as long as they are ground up first. This helps to prevent blockages in the pipes.
  • Coffee grounds: Coffee grounds can be disposed of in the kitchen sink as long as they are not mixed with other waste, such as grease or oil.
  • Tea leaves: Tea leaves can be disposed of in the kitchen sink as long as they are not mixed with other waste, such as grease or oil.
  • Fruit and vegetable peels: Fruit and vegetable peels can be disposed of in the kitchen sink as long as they are not mixed with other waste, such as grease or oil.
  • Paper towels: Paper towels can be disposed of in the kitchen sink as long as they are not heavily soiled.
• Bathroom sink: The following items can be disposed of in the bathroom sink:
  • Soapy water: Soapy water can be disposed of in the bathroom sink.
  • Hair: Hair can be disposed of in the bathroom sink as long as it is wrapped in toilet paper or a paper towel.
  • Toothpaste: Toothpaste can be disposed of in the bathroom sink.
  • Makeup: Makeup can be disposed of in the bathroom sink as long as it is rinsed off first.
  • Q-tips: Q-tips can be disposed of in the bathroom sink.
• Utility sink: The following items can be disposed of in the utility sink:
  • Grease: Grease can be disposed of in the utility sink as long as it is cooled first.
  • Oil: Oil can be disposed of in the utility sink as long as it is cooled first.
  • Paint thinner: Paint thinner can be disposed of in the utility sink as long as it is diluted with water first.
  • Solvents: Solvents can be disposed of in the utility sink as long as they are diluted with water first.
  • Household chemicals: Household chemicals should not be disposed of in the sink. They should be disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

It is important to note that these are just some of the general guidelines for disposal into different sinks. There may be specific local regulations that you need to follow. You should always check with your local authorities to make sure that you are disposing of waste properly.